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A desktop 3D printer with dual extruders to produce customised electronic circuitry

Javaid BUTT, Dominic Adaoiza ONIMOWO, Mohammed GOHRABIAN, Tinku SHARMA, Hassan SHIRVANI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第13卷第4期页码 528-534 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0502-1

摘要：

3D printing has opened new horizons for the manufacturing industry in general, and 3D printers have become the tools for technological advancements. There is a huge divide between the pricing of industrial and desktop 3D printers with the former being on the expensive side capable of producing excellent quality products and latter being on the low-cost side with moderate quality results. However, there is a larger room for improvements and enhancements for the desktop systems as compared to the industrial ones. In this paper, a desktop 3D printer called Prusa Mendel i2 has been modified and integrated with an additional extruder so that the system can work with dual extruders and produce bespoke electronic circuits. The communication between the two extruders has been established by making use of the In-Chip Serial Programming port on the Arduino Uno controlling the printer. The biggest challenge is to control the flow of electric paint (to be dispensed by the new extruder) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis has been carried out to ascertain the optimal conditions for proper dispensing. The final product is a customised electronic circuit with the base of plastic (from the 3D printer’s extruder) and electronic paint (from the additional extruder) properly dispensed to create a live circuit on a plastic platform. This low-cost enhancement to a desktop 3D printer can provide a new prospect to produce multiple material parts where the additional extruder can be filled with any material that can be properly dispensed from its nozzle.

关键词： 3D printing Arduino Uno extruder multiple materials electronic circuits customisation CFD analysis

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Prefrontal cortical circuits in anxiety and fear: an overview

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 518-539 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0941-2

摘要： Pathological anxiety is among the most difficult neuropsychiatric diseases to treat pharmacologically, and it represents a major societal problem. Studies have implicated structural changes within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and functional changes in the communication of the PFC with distal brain structures in anxiety disorders. Treatments that affect the activity of the PFC, including cognitive therapies and transcranial magnetic stimulation, reverse anxiety- and fear-associated circuit abnormalities through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. While the subjective experience of a rodent cannot be precisely determined, rodent models hold great promise in dissecting well-conserved circuits. Newly developed genetic and viral tools and optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques have revealed the intricacies of neural circuits underlying anxiety and fear by allowing direct examination of hypotheses drawn from existing psychological concepts. This review focuses on studies that have used these circuit-based approaches to gain a more detailed, more comprehensive, and more integrated view on how the PFC governs anxiety and fear and orchestrates adaptive defensive behaviors to hopefully provide a roadmap for the future development of therapies for pathological anxiety.

关键词： prefrontal cortex anxiety fear neural circuits optogenetics DREADD

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中国电子雷管技术与应用

颜景龙

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第1期页码 36-41

摘要：

从2006年长江三峡围堰拆除爆破工程中首次在中国应用电子雷管以来，安全、可靠、精准、环保等电子雷管与生俱来的特点和优势已经获得爆破专家们的广泛认可。详细论述了中国电子雷管近十年来的技术发展和市场应用现状，对现阶段中国电子雷管的性能指标、标准体系、专利知识产权等方面进行了统计分析，从产业化推广应用和工程使用方面进行了总结，最后对电子雷管的发展给出了几点建议。可以看出，随着国内工程爆破技术的发展进步和电子雷管产品的日趋成熟，电子雷管的应用优势和价值日益凸显，中国电子雷管的春天将会很快到来。

关键词：电子雷管；数码电子雷管；数码雷管

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study of hybrid model identification, computation analysis and fault location for nonlinear dynamic circuits

XIE Hong, HE Yi-gang, ZENG Guan-da

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2006年第1卷第2期页码 233-237 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0003-5

摘要： This paper presents the hybrid model identification for a class of nonlinear circuits and systems via a combination of the block-pulse function transform with the Volterra series. After discussing the method to establish the hybrid model and introducing the hybrid model identification, a set of relative formulas are derived for calculating the hybrid model and computing the Volterra series solution of nonlinear dynamic circuits and systems. In order to significantly reduce the computation cost for fault location, the paper presents a new fault diagnosis method based on multiple preset models that can be realized online. An example of identification simulation and fault diagnosis are given. Results show that the method has high accuracy and efficiency for fault location of nonlinear dynamic circuits and systems.

关键词： block-pulse function nonlinear multiple diagnosis combination

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Recycling Materials from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Jinhui Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-1001-z

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2021年度信息与电子工程前沿

信息与电子工程项目组

《全球工程前沿》 2021年第5卷第1期页码 31-58

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Experimental investigation and comparative study of inter-turn short-circuits and unbalanced voltage

Fatima BABAA, Abdelmalek KHEZZAR, Mohamed el kamel OUMAAMAR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 271-278 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0258-6

摘要： A transient model for an induction machine with stator winding turn faults on a single phase is derived using reference frame transformation theory. The negative sequence component and the 3rd harmonic are often considered as accurate indicators. However, small unbalance in the supply voltage and/or in the machine structure that exists in any real system engenders the same harmonics components. In this case, it is too difficult to distinguish between the current harmonics due to the supply voltage and those originated by inter-turn short-circuit faults. For that, to have the correct diagnosis and to increase the sensitivity and the reliability of the diagnostic system, it is crucial to provide the relationship between the inter-turn short-circuits in the stator winding and the supply voltage imbalance through an accurate mathematical model and via a series of experimental essays.

关键词： induction machines fault indicator inter-turn short-circuit fault unbalance supply voltage

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Human power-based energy harvesting strategies for mobile electronic devices

Dewei JIA, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 27-46 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0002-4

摘要： Energy problems arise with the proliferation of mobile electronic devices, which range from entertainment tools to life saving medical instruments. The large amount of energy consumption and increasing mobility of electronic devices make it urgent that new power sources should be developed. It has been gradually recognized that the human body is highly flexible in generating applicable power from sources of heat dissipation, joint rotation, enforcement of body weight, vertical displacement of mass centers, and even elastic deformation of tissues and other attachments. These basic combinations of daily activities or metabolic phenomena open up possibilities for harvesting energy which is strong enough to power mobile or even implantable medical devices which could be used for a long time or be recharged permanently. A comprehensive review is presented in this paper on the latest developed or incubating electricity generation methods based on human power which would serve as promising candidates for future mobile power. Thermal and mechanical energy, investigated more thoroughly so far, will particularly be emphasized. Thermal energy relies on body heat and employs the property of thermoelectric materials, while mechanical energy is generally extracted in the form of enforcement or displacement excitation. For illustration purposes, the piezoelectric effect, dielectric elastomer and the electromagnetic induction couple, which can convert force directly into electricity, were also evaluated. Meanwhile, examples are given to explain how to adopt inertia generators for converting displacement energy via piezoelectric, electrostatic, electromagnetic or magnetostrictive vibrators. Finally, future prospects in harvesting energy from human power are made in conclusion.

关键词： mobile electronic device human power energy harvesting micro/miniaturized generator battery green energy

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Integrated energy storage system based on triboelectric nanogenerator in electronic devices

Xiao Feng, Yang Zhang, Le Kang, Licheng Wang, Chongxiong Duan, Kai Yin, Jinbo Pang, Kai Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 238-250 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-1956-3

摘要： The emergence of electronic devices has brought earth-shaking changes to people’s life. However, an external power source may become indispensable to the electronic devices due to the limited capacity of batteries. As one of the possible solutions for the external power sources, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides a novel idea to the increasing number of personal electronic devices. TENG is a new type of energy collector, which has become a hot spot in the field of nanotechnology. It is widely used at the acquisition and conversion of mechanical energy to electric energy through the principle of electrostatic induction. On this basis, the TENG could be integrated with the energy storage system into a self-powered system, which can supply power to the electronic devices and make them work continuously. In this review, TENG’s basic structure as well as its working process and working mode are firstly discussed. The integration method of TENGs with energy storage systems and the related research status are then introduced in detail. At the end of this paper, we put forward some problems and discuss the prospect in the future.

关键词： electronic devices triboelectric nanogenerator mechanical energy self-powered system

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Electronic and mechanical responses of two-dimensional HfS

Mohammad SALAVATI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 486-494 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0491-5

摘要： During the last decade, numerous high-quality two-dimensional (2D) materials with semiconducting electronic character have been synthesized. Recent experimental study (Sci. Adv. 2017;3: e1700481) nevertheless confirmed that 2D ZrSe and HfSe are among the best candidates to replace the silicon in nanoelectronics owing to their moderate band-gap. We accordingly conducted first-principles calculations to explore the mechanical and electronic responses of not only ZrSe and HfSe , but also ZrS and HfS in their single-layer and free-standing form. We particularly studied the possibility of engineering of the electronic properties of these attractive 2D materials using the biaxial or uniaxial tensile loadings. The comprehensive insight provided concerning the intrinsic properties of HfS , HfSe , ZrS , and ZrSe can be useful for their future applications in nanodevices.

关键词： 2D materials mechanical electronic DFT

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social profit of cooperative models in three-echelon reverse supply chain for waste electrical and electronic

Jian Li, Zhen Wang, Bao Jiang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0999-2

摘要： In addition to maximizing economic benefits, reverse supply chains should further seek to maximize social benefits by increasing the quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The paper investigates cooperative models with different parties in a three-echelon reverse supply chain for WEEE consisting of a single collector, a single remanufacturer, and two retailers based on complete information. In addition, the optimal decisions of four cooperative models and the effect of the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products and the market share of two retailers on the optimal decisions are discussed. The results indicate that optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain are maximized in a centralized model. The optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity increase with an increase in the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products. The three-echelon reverse supply chain consisting of duopolistic retailers maximizes total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain for WEEE.

关键词： Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) Reverse supply chains Recycle quantity Social benefit Cooperative models Duopolistic retailers

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Catalytic activity of noble metal nanoparticles toward hydrodechlorination: influence of catalyst electronic

Man ZHANG,Feng HE,Dongye ZHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第5期页码 888-896 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0774-1

摘要： In this study, stabilized Pd, Pt and Au nanoparticles were successfully prepared in aqueous phase using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a capping agent. These metal nanoparticles were then tested for catalytic hydrodechlorination toward two classes of organochlorinated compounds (vinyl polychlorides including trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and alkyl polychlorides including 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), and 1,1,1,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,1,2-TeCA)) to determine the rate-limiting steps and to explore the reaction mechanisms. The surface area normalized reaction rate constant, , showed a systematic dependence on the electronic structure (the density of states at the Fermi level) of the metals, suggesting that adsorption of organochlorinated reactants on the metal catalyst surfaces is the rate-limiting step for catalytic hydrodechlorination. Hydrodechlorination rates of 1,1,1-TCA and 1,1,1,2-TeCA agreed with the bond strength of the first (weakest) dissociated C-Cl bond, suggesting that C-Cl bond cleavage, which is the first step for dissociative adsorption of the alkyl polychlorides, controlled the catalytic hydrodechlorination rate. However, hydrodechlorination rates of TCE and PCE correlated with the adsorption energies of their molecular (non-dissociative) adsorption on the noble metals rather than with the first C-Cl bond strength, suggesting that molecular adsorption governs the reaction rate for hydrodechlorination of the vinyl polychlorides.

关键词： catalytic hydrodechlorination electronic structure metal nanoparticles reaction mechanisms

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我国电子陶瓷技术发展的战略思考

周济,李龙土,熊小雨

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第5期页码 20-27 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.003

摘要：

电子陶瓷作为一类重要的战略新材料，是无源电子元件的核心材料，也是电子信息技术领域重要的技术前沿。随着电子信息技术日益走向集成化、智能化和微型化，无源电子元件日益成为电子元器件技术的发展瓶颈，电子陶瓷材料及其制备加工技术的战略地位日益凸显。我国电子陶瓷材料和元件领域已形成了很好的产业技术基础，但在高端材料和元器件方面的竞争力依然不足，一些关键材料技术、工艺技术及设备技术受制于人。研究认为：面对新形势，亟待加大研发投入，理顺体制机制，强化产业链的自主可控和自主创新。

关键词：电子陶瓷，无源电子元件，高端材料

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Engineering the electronic and geometric structure of VO/BN@TiO heterostructure for efficient aerobic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 276-287 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2242-3

摘要： Particle size governs the electronic and geometric structure of metal nanoparticles (NPs), shaping their catalytic performances in heterogeneous catalysis. However, precisely controlling the size of active metal NPs and thereafter their catalytic activities remain an affordable challenge in ultra-deep oxidative desulfurization (ODS) field. Herein, a series of highly-efficient VO_x/boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS)@TiO₂ heterostructures, therein, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactants serving as intercalation agent, BNNS and MXene as precursors, with various VO_x NP sizes were designed and controllably constructed by a facile intercalation confinement strategy. The properties and structures of the prepared catalysts were systematically characterized by different technical methods, and their catalytic activities were investigated for aerobic ODS of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The results show that the size of VO_x NPs and V⁵⁺/V⁴⁺ play decisive roles in the catalytic aerobic ODS of VO_x/BNNS@TiO₂ catalysts and that VO_x/BNNS@TiO₂-2 exhibits the highest ODS activity with 93.7% DBT conversion within 60 min under the reaction temperature of 130 °C and oxygen flow rate of 200 mL·min^–1, which is due to its optimal VO_x dispersion, excellent reducibility and abundant active species. Therefore, the finding here may contribute to the fundamental understanding of structure-activity in ultra-deep ODS and inspire the advancement of highly-efficient catalyst.

关键词： oxidative desulfurization boron nitride vanadium MXene intercalation confinement